Acute lethal toxicity of dried garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) powder on orange-spotted grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>) juveniles under static exposure

The present study was carried out to assess the toxic effect and determine lethal concentration of dried garlic ( Allium sativum ) powder on orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles. Laboratory static bioassays were conducted 96-h LC 50 different concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 180 mg L -1 juveniles (mean weight, 35.4±6.18 g mean length, 13.2±0.51 cm). 74.78 with lower upper confidence limits 62.8 89.06 , respectively. All fish exposed 30 exhibited rapid movement, faster opercular activity erratic swimming whereas at higher (90 showed additional behavioral changes such as loss balance, lethargy, gulping for air respiratory distress. Water quality parameters within recommended acceptable limits. This value can be used a baseline reference generate an effective future prophylaxis treatment parasitic, viral bacterial infection in grouper.